Yakabudiswa musi weChina, Chivabvu 23, 2013, 10:56 pm muchiGerman pa www.letztercountdown.org
Iwe wakasarudza kunwa piritsi dzvuku, saka ndinokugamuchira kune zvakasikwa zvekudenga, izvo zvinozivisa kubwinya kwaMwari (Mapisarema 19: 1). Piritsi rebhuruu kutenda kuti Mwari rudo chete, uye kuti nyika yake inzvimbo ine runyararo yakazadzwa nekuseka kwevana, apo chero munhu anoponeswa nekungotenda kuti Jesu aiveko. Ndisati ndapa piritsi dzvuku, heino nyevero yekupedzisira: Matenga anozivisawo kururama kwaMwari, uye haataridzike kunyoro kune vasina kuchena nevaseki.
Jehovha anobata ushe; nyika ngaifare; zviwi zvizhinji ngazvifare. Makore nerima zvinomupoteredza; kururama nokururamisira ndihwo hugaro hwechigaro chake choushe. Moto unotungamira pamberi pake, Uchipisa vavengi vake kumativi ose. Mheni dzake dzakavheneka nyika; Pasi pakaona, ndokubvunda. Makomo akanyauka senamo pamberi paJehovha, Pamberi paShe wapasi pose. Kudenga-denga kunoparidza kururama kwake, Ndudzi dzose dzinoona kubwinya kwake. Vose, vanoshumira mifananidzo yakaveziwa, vanonyadziswa, Ivo vanozvirumbidza pamusoro pezvifananidzo; Namatai kwaari, imi vamwari vose. (Pisarema 97: 1-7)
Muzvinyorwa zviviri zvekupedzisira zvehasha dzaMwari, ndiri kutambanudzira kumiganhu yangu ndichiedza kukutsanangurirai kuti Mwari vairevei paakati:
Asi iwe Dhanyeri, vanza mashoko, unamire bhuku nechisimbiso, kusvikira kunguva yokupedzisira; ruzivo ruchawedzerwa. (Dhanieri 12: 4)
Vaparidzi vakawanda vakatoona kuti chikamu chokupedzisira chevhesi (!) chinoshandawo pakukura kwevanhu nesayenzi ruzivo. Mwari aiziva kuti taisazonzwisisa zvinhu zvakawanda zviri muBhaibheri kutozosvikira kumugumo, apo taizova noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwokudzidza nzvimbo dziri kure dzechadenga uko kunowanikwa zvakawanda zvezvisikwa zvake zvakaisvonaka. Zviratidzo zviri muBhaibheri zvinongoratidzira pazviri.
Pane zvakawanda zvakavigwa mutsamba yerudo rwaMwari kuvana vevanhu. Pamasiraidhi 162-168 ye Orion mharidzo, ndakaedza kukupa mazano anonongedzera kunyanya kuboka renyeredzi reOrion. Zvimwe zvacho zvainge zvisina kujeka, sezvo ndakanga ndichiri nokutenda kuti vamwe venyu vaizoverenga vodzidza voga. Sezvineiwo, zvakanga zvisina kudaro nguva zhinji. Imwe yezano randakapa raive zuva rekuwanikwa kwezvivakwa zvakatenderedza nyeredzi yaJesu, "Alnitak", yakataurwa pachisiraidhi 164. Pakanga pasati pasvika 1888 apo vanhu vakagadzira materesikopu akanaka zvakakwana kuti awane inozivikanwa Horsehead Nebula. Yakanga isiriwo zvayo tsaona kuti kuwanwa ikoko kwakaitwa mugore rimene apo chiedza chengirozi yechina chakatanga kupenya, seizvo Ellen G. White akazivisa mune chimwe chezvirevo zvake zvakakurumbira.
Nguva yekuedzwa yasvika kwatiri, nokuti kuchema kukuru kwemutumwa wechitatu kwakatotanga pakuratidzwa kwokururama kwaKristu. Mudzikinuri anoregerera zvivi. Uku ndiko kutanga kwechiedza chemutumwa ane kubwinya kuchazadza nyika yose. Nokuti ibasa romumwe nomumwe akasvika shoko rokunyevera, kusimudza Jesu; kuti amuunze kunyika sezvaakaratidzwa mumifananidzo, akafukidzwa nemifananidzo, sezvakaratidzwa mune zvakazarurwa zvevaprofita, sezvakazarurwa muzvidzidzo zvakapiwa kuvadzidzi vake uye muzvishamiso zvinoshamisa zvakaitirwa vanakomana vevanhu. Nzverai Magwaro; nokuti ndivo vanopupura nezvake. {RH November 22, 1892, ndima. 7}
The Mudziyo Wenguva inoratidza kuti makore matatu okupedzisira orudzi rwomunhu angadai akavamba muna 1888, uye Jesu aigona kuva akadzoka muna 1890. Jesu amene akatasva bhiza muchinoitika chokuuya Kwake muna Zvakazarurwa 19, sezvinoita vatasvi vana vamabhiza veapocalypse ( Zvakazarurwa 6 ), iyo inoumba migove yenguva yewachi yeOrion. Nyanzvi dzemitumbi yomudenga dzakatarira iyi nharaunda yeOrion Nebula kekutanga muna 1888. Kubva ipapo, taigona kunzwisisa chikonzero nei Mwari akasarudza chiratidzo ichocho chakaisvonaka munharaunda yapedyo yenyeredzi Yake, Alnitak.
Nguva pfupi yadarika takava nemifananidzo yebhiza rinoshanda sechiratidzo chemitoo yaJesu yokufambisa paachadzoka.
Ndakupa ruzivo ... Sei uchifunga kuti Jesu akashandisa Horsehead Nebula, iyo chikamu cheOrion Nebula, sechiratidzo chemotokari yekudzoka Kwake?! Unogona here kuziva nyeredzi huru padivi peHorsehead Nebula, uye padyo neFlame Nebula? Unoona here rukova rweropa ruchiyerera kubva pachigaro chaJesu? Nei uchifunga kuti zvivako izvi zvakatanga kuonekwa nevanhu muna 1888?
Dai chiedza chemutumwa wechina chakanga chagamuchirwa panguva iyoyo, saka Mwari angadai akagadzirira kereke yake kuburikidza nevanhu vakadai saJoseph Bates naEllen G. White, avo vaifarira zvenyeredzi neOrion kare muzuva ravo. Jesu angadai akatora chizvarwa ichocho parwendo rurefu rwokuenda kugungwa regirazi, Orion Nebula. Pangadai pasina nguva yematambudziko, uye munguva pfupi zvichava pachena kwauri kuti sei, sezvaunoona izvo Mwari ane rudo aida kuponesa vanhu kubva.
Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakachinja zvakasiyana saka wachi yeOrion neWachi yeSabata Repamusoro zvaifanira kuramba zvichingomira kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chazvo chokupedzisira—chokudanidzira kechipiri pakati pousiku kuChechi yakaramba kutenda zvachose kuti ive nomumwe mukana wokupfidza. Sezvineiwo, mukana wacho hauna kushandiswa, saka iko zvino izwi rekupedzisira raMwari panyika pano riri kugadzirira boka duku rakatendeka kuti rimirire Baba kuburikidza nekufamba kwekupedzisira kwekukurumidza. Zvino ava vanhu vakatendeka vachafanira kupfuura nomumadambudziko achabva kuchikara chaicho chokudenga.
Betelgeuse nemamwe maSupergiants eChisiko chaMwari
Munyaya yekutanga mune ino nhevedzano, Ruoko rweHofori, ndakaratidza kuti nyeredzi hofori tsvuku Betelgeuse (inofananidzira) ruoko rworudyi rwaJesu. Acharishandisa kuita matsive ake kune vanozvidza uye vanouraya vanhu vake, vane mweya yaikumbira kubva pasi peatari kubva paKuchinja. Kune vamwe vaAdventist pakati pedu vachiri kutenda kuti hutungamiri hwakaputsika hunogona kuponeswa; havanzwisisi kuti musuwo wengoni wesangano rakatsauka wakatovharwa. Mutauro unoshandiswa naMwari kutaura shoko ratinofanira kupa wakajeka zvikuru. Naizvozvo, ndichaita kuti vesainzi vataure zvakanyanya. Kana ndikashandisa mazwi akasimba, ndinongokohwa kunyombwa nekutsoropodzwa, kunyangwe ivo Mwari pachavo vakashandisa mutauro mumwe chetewo muBhaibheri.
Sei ndichitaura nezveBetelgeuse sechikara? Kunyanya nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, iyo yatinofanira kutarisa. Chikara chinotsanangura chinhu chikuru chinotyisa. Tinoda kuenzanisa kwekuona kuti tinyatsonzwisisa ukuru hweBetelgeuse, nekuti fungidziro yemunhu haigone kuyambuka hukuru hwenyeredzi hwezvinhu zviri mudenga zvakasikwa naMwari.
Mamirioni epasi angakwana mukati mezuva redu pachedu. Kudai Betelgeuse yakanga iri pakati pegadziriro yedu yezuva, pamusoro peiyi nyeredzi tsvuku yaizosvika pakutenderera kweJupiter. Mune mamwe mazwi, nzvimbo yaro inofananidzwa nehupamhi husingafungidzike hweJupiter's orbit. Muvhidhiyo, nyeredzi mbiri chete dzakakura kupfuura Betelgeuse ndidzo dzinoratidzwa, uye yekupedzisira ndiyo nyeredzi hombe yava kuzivikanwa: VY Canis Majoris, tsvuku hypergiant. Tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti kana tichitaura pamusoro pemahofori makuru kana kuti ma<em>hypergiant, tiri kutaura nezvezvikara zvechokwadi. Havasi vazhinji vezvenyeredzi vanoshandisa izwi rekuti hypergiant nekuti harisati ranyatsotsanangurwa. Hupamhi hweVY Canis Majoris "chete" kakapetwa kaviri kana katatu pane hweBetelgeuse.
Kudai waizoedza kuzadza vhoriyamu yeBetelgeuse nezuva, waizoda mabhiriyoni 1.5 ezuva kuti uzviite. (Hazvifaniri kuvhiringidzwa noukuru hweBetelgeuse, hunopeta nekanenge ka15 kusvika ku20 pane hwezuva redu. Ndichataura zvakawanda nezvazvo gare gare.)
Heino imwe vhidhiyo inoratidza mutsauko wehukuru pakati pezuva redu nemapuraneti aro kana zvichienzaniswa neimwe yeaya makuru makuru. Izvi zvinogona kushanda zviri nyore kuBetelgeuse zvakare, nekuti inosvika pachiyero chimwe chete:
Betelgeuse uye Mabhomba Makuru muArsenal yaMwari
Ma<em>red supergiant akakura semataurirwo azvinoitwa nezita rawo, asi anopisa mafuta akawanda zvikuru kupfuura nyeredzi dzakajairika sezuva redu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho, vane chikamu chiduku bedzi chenduramo yezuva redu—kazhinji makore ane mamiriyoni mashomanene, ayo akafanana namasekonzi mashomanene mukuwirirana nechadenga. Mushure mehupenyu hwavo hupfupi, vanofa rufu runoshamisa uye nechisimba. Zvinoputika se-super- kana hypernovae, kuputika kukuru uye kune simba zvikuru kunozivikanwa nedenga.
Vhidhiyo iyoyo yaidzidzisa. Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti kuputika kukuru kwechadenga imhando II supernovae, iyo inokonzerwa nekudonha kwenyeredzi huru dzine huwandu hunopfuura gumi hwezuva. Kana nyeredzi huru ikaputika sesupernova, inodonha kuita neutron star, magineti kana gomba dema. Mhedzisiro yacho inotsamira pauwandu hwepakutanga, asi zvikumbaridzo zvinosiyana zvikuru pakati pemasayendisiti, sezvo mumwe nomumwe achiita seane dzidziso yake. Vamwe vanoti kuputika kwegamma-ray kunouraya kwakabatana ne supernova kunoitika kana nyeredzi yakakura ingangoita gumi, nepo vamwe vachiisa chikumbaridzo pamazana zana ezuva.
Chokwadi ndechokuti, bazi resainzi iri richiri pakuvamba. Naizvozvo, ndakapotsa ndapererwa ndichiita tsvakiridzo yechinyorwa ichi. Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana maonero uye nhamba. Nokudaro, ndichafanira kuratidza kuti masayendisiti anoziva simba rekuputika kwe supernova uye gamma-ray kuputika, asi maitiro haanyatsonzwisiswi. Masayendisiti haazivi kuti anonyatsoitika sei uye haana mienzaniso yakavimbika yekufanotaura kuputika kunotyisa kwakadaro, zvakafanana nezvinonetsa vaongorori vemamiriro ekunze kufanotaura mamiriro okunze mavhiki mana pachine nguva mberi. Sezvatichaona gare gare, sainzi inotadzawo kana tasvika pakuziva kwainobvira kuputika kwegamma-ray, semuzivi wemamiriro ekunze ari kuedza kufanotaura kuti mheni icharova kupi munguva yekutinhira kunotevera.
Mavhidhiyo mazhinji ezve supernovae anodoma vamwe vari kuuya varikumirira vari padyo mukati megirazi redu. Mumiriri wedu ndewe: Betelgeuse. Tadzidzawo kuti mhando II supernova inotangirwa nekudonha kana kuderera kwenyeredzi, uye ndizvo zvakaonekwa muBetelgeuse kubvira 1993. German Wikipedia ine izvi zvekutaura nezvazvo [yakashandurwa]:
Betelgeuse - ramangwana rayo se supernova
Maererano nemafungiro evazivi venyeredzi, Betelgeuse ichapera sesupernova. Mafungiro anosiyana maererano nenguva yechiitiko chinotarisirwa: vamwe vanofungidzira mumakore chiuru anotevera [maererano nemamwe masosi uye vhidhiyo inogona kunge iri mumaminitsi mashanu], vamwe makore ane zviuru zana pakutanga. Iyo supernova yaizonyanya kuoneka paNyika uye yaizopenya pamusoro pedenga rose.
Nehofori dzvuku dzerudzi rweBetelgeuse, unogona kutarisira kuti supernova iwedzere kupenya kwenyeredzi ka16,000 (paavhareji). Panguva ino, Betelgeuse inopenya nehukuru hunosvika 0.5 mudenga rakazara nenyeredzi; sesupernova yaizosvika paukuru hunooneka hwe -9.5 kusvika -10.5, inoenderana nehukuru hwakakwana hwe -15.1 kusvika -16.1. Izvi zvinoenderana nekupenya kwehafu-mwedzi mudenga. Maererano nemamwe magwaro, kubuda kwe supernovae kwevanofa mashura kunogona kutosvika pahupamhi hwehupamhi hwe -17 kusvika -18, dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfuura (kunyanya nenyeredzi dzine radius yakakura). Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, supernova yaizosvika pakupenya kwemwedzi wakakwana.
Nekuti kutenderera kweBetelgeuse hakuna kwainongedza pasi, kuputika kwegamma-ray kunogona usave nesimba zvakadaro kuti biosphere yaizokuvadzwa. [8] Zviyero [9] kuCalifornia Universities muna 2009 zvakaratidza kuti dhayamita yeBetelgeuse ine yakaderera kusvika 15% kubvira 1993, nepo kupenya hakuna kuchinja.
Iri ruzivo runonakidza kwazvo, asi tsvakiridzo yedu inoratidza kuti aya ese angori fungidziro. Chokwadi ndechekuti masayendisiti anofanira kubvuma kuti iyi inzvimbo itsva kwavari, uye hapana chavanoziva zvechokwadi. Zvinotanga nenyaya yekuti hapana anogona kuziva huwandu chaihwo hweBetelgeuse. Huremu, hunoyerwa mukuwanda kwehuremu hwezuva redu pachedu, ndicho chinhu chinoita kuti tizive rudzi rwesupernova yekutarisira, kuti ichava yakasimba sei, uye kana gamma-ray ichiputika. (Tichazvidzidzisa pachedu zvakawanda nezve ruzivo rwegamma-ray kuputika gare gare.)
Kuona kuti Betelgeuse yadzikira nechikamu che15% kunofanira kupa vese vanoongorora nyeredzi vakakomba chikonzero chekunetseka, nekuti uku kungava kuderera kunotangira kuputika kwesupernova. Mumashoko ezvenyeredzi, 15% mukati menguva yemakore makumi maviri ndeye ZVAKANYANYA ZVAKANAKA!!!
Tinogona kuverenga kubvumirwa pa Wikipedia iyo inoratidza kuti zvishoma sei zvinyorwa zvinonyatsozivikanwa:
Huremu hweBetelgeuse hauna kumboyerwa nekuti haina shamwari inozivikanwa. [86] Misa estimate zvinogoneka chete uchishandisa theoretical modelling, mamiriro akaita fungidziro yehuwandu kubva pa5 kusvika 30 M⊙ muma2000s.[87][88] Smith nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakaverenga kuti Betelgeuse yakatanga hupenyu hwayo senyeredzi ye 15 kusvika ku20 M⊙, zvichibva pachiyero chephotospheric che5.6 AU kana 1,200 R⊙.[9] Nekudaro, nzira nyowani yekuona hukuru hwehukuru hwakatsanangurwa muna 2011 naHilding Neilson nevamwe vaaishanda navo, vachipokana nezvehukuru hwenyeredzi hwe11.6 M⊙ ine muganhu wepamusoro we 16.6 uye yakaderera ye 7.7 M⊙, zvichibva pakuona kusimba kwenyeredzi kubva kune nhete yeH-band interferometry uye kushandisa chiyero chephotospheric chinosvika 4.3 AU kana 955 R⊙.[86] Kuti gakava richagadziriswa sei richiri rakavhurika-kusvika mumwe wake aonekwa achibvumira kuverengerwa kwakananga kweiyo stellar mass.
Huremu hweBetelgeuse hunotsanangurwa se ~ 20 solar mass muGerman Wikipedia, izvo zvinonyatso kureva kuputika kunoenderana nemhando II supernova (pamusoro pegumi gumi). Kana tichitsvaga iyo supernova inopenya yati yambowanikwa, tinosangana nemufananidzo unonakidza kwazvo:
BERKELEY - Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, nyanzvi yenyeredzi yakashandura NASA Hubble Space Telescope pane inopenya uye iri padyo supernova yemakore gumi apfuura, ichitora kuputika kukuru kwenyeredzi kuchipisa nechiedza che 200 mamiriyoni ezuva. Iyo supernova, inodaidzwa kuti SN 2004dj, inopenya mumufananidzo weHubble zvekuti inogona kukanganisika senyeredzi yekumberi muMilky Way Galaxy yedu. Zvakadaro iri mamirioni gumi nerimwe echiedza-makore kubva kuPasi kumucheto kwegwara renzou rinonzi NGC 11, riri muchikwata chenyeredzi huru dzinopenya dzebhuruu makore miriyoni gumi nemana chete. "Iyi inofanirwa kunge iri nyeredzi huru inoputika pazera diki," akadaro Alex Filippenko, purofesa wezvenyeredzi paUC Berkeley, anofungidzira. ukuru hwenyeredzi neka15 pane hwezuva redu. Nyeredzi huru dzinorarama upenyu hupfupi zvikuru kupfuura zuva; vane mafuta akawanda ekupisa kuburikidza nenyukireya fusion, asi vanoashandisa pamwero unokurumidza zvisingaenzaniswi. Somuenzaniso, zuva rinongova pakati nepakati penguva yaro inotarisirwa kurarama makore anenge mabhiriyoni gumi.
Tichitora dzidziso mbiri dzakurukurwa pamusoro pamwe chete, pane kubvumirana kana kupindirana apo dzidziso dzese dzinopindirana: huwandu hweBetelgeuse hunogona kunge huri muhuwandu hwe15 - 16.6 solar mass. Kupenya kukuru kwesupernova kusati kwawanikwa kwakakonzerwa nenyeredzi yaive mukati mechikamu ichocho.
Nyeredzi iyoyo yaiva 11 mamiriyoni chiedza makore kure mune rimwe boka renyeredzi, nepo Betelgeuse iri chete Makore mazana matanhatu emwenje kubva kwatiri. Mumashoko ezvenyeredzi, izvozvo zvakafanana nokuita kuti riputike kuseri kwegadziriro yedu yezuva.
Betelgeuse parizvino inopenya zvakapetwa ka100,000 200 kupfuura zuva redu. Apo guru guru iri rinoputika setype II supernova, richapisa kupenya kunenge mamiriyoni 200,000,000 kupfuura zuva redu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ichapenya 100,000 / 2000 = 200 times kupenya kupfuura ikozvino. Chichave chinoshamisa chitarisiko chemudenga chinogara kwemwedzi mukati memasikati pamwe nehusiku. Chengeta nhamba yemamiriyoni mazana maviri mupfungwa, nokuti tichadzoka kwairi muchikamu chechitatu cheiyi nhevedzano!
Tinofanira kunetseka here? Masayendisiti anoti hatifanire kudaro. Kunyange zvazvo vasingazivi zvakawanda, vanofunga kuti supernova inofanira kuva pedyo kudarika makore makumi maviri nemashanu echiedza kubva kwatiri kuti ive nengozi kuvanhu. Zvisinei, vanobvuma kuti kudai supernova yaizoputika pedyo nesu (uye Betelgeuse zvamazvirokwazvo iri), paizova nokuwedzera kwemwaranzi yomuchadenga munhevedzano ye25 10,000 kusvikira ku100,000 XNUMX kana kuti kunyange mamiriyoni enguva. Kudai nhovo inodzivirira yapasi yaizoshatiswa—ozone layer neinosphere—ipapo paizova nemiuyo yakashata nokuda kworudzi rwose rwomunhu.
Chii chingaite kuti Spaceship Earth ivhare kana kurasikirwa nenhoo dzayo?
Betelgeuse neMheni yaMwari Inouraya
Masayendisiti ose anobvuma kuti kunonzi gamma-ray kuputika (GRB) kunotirova zvakananga kubva kuMilky Way yedu pachedu kungareva kuguma kwenyika. Kuputika kwegamma-ray kwakadaro kunoitika mune imwe mhando II supernova kuputika. Unonzwa masayendisiti achitaura seizvi: “Kana chimwe cheizvi [GRB] chikaitika mugwara renyeredzi rako, uye danda iri richiuya kwauri, enda undovanda mubako. nekuti iyi yakanyanya simba mwaranzi. Isimba ndiro richaora mamorekuru ako, uye hautombodi kuvapo pazvinenge zvichiitika!”
Mashoko akadai anoyeuchidza zvakataurwa naIshe wedu Jesu mukuzviratidza kwake kuna Johane, uye aya ndiwo mashoko echikamu chekupedzisira chechisimbiso chechitanhatu. Muna 1844, vaMillerite vakafunga kuti raizivisa Zuva Guru Rokupedzisira, Kuuya Kwechipiri kwaJesu. Vazhinji vakavatevera nekutya uye vaida kubvisa zviso zvavo kuna Iye aizoparadza nyika nemoto. Asi, kuzadzika kwokupedzisira kwechikamu ichi chechisimbiso chechitanhatu hakusati kwasvika. Ichauya pamusoro peavo vanosvika kumugumo wedenderedzwa rorutongeso reOrion, kudzokororwa kwechisimbiso chechitanhatu cheZuva roRutongeso rokudenga, uye vanowana kuvharwa kwokuedzwa. Vachapupurira chiitiko chinotyisa checosmic chinozivisa uye chinokonzeresa matambudziko:
uye denga rakabva sorugwaro kana rwapetwa; negomo roga roga nechiwi zvakabviswa panzvimbo dzazvo. nemadzimambo enyika, nevakuru, nevafumi, nevatungamiriri vehondo, nevane simba, nenhapwa yose, newakasununguka wose; vakandovanda mumapako nomumatombo amakomo; Akati kumakomo nokumabwe. Wirai pamusoro pedu, mutivanze pachiso chaiye unogara pachigaro chovushe, napakutsamwa kweGwayana; Nokuti zuva guru rekutsamwa kwaro rasvika [gore rezvirwere rava pedyo]; uye ndiani achakwanisa kumira [uyo achamira pamuyedzo mukuru asina murevereri, kuti apfuure negore remadambudziko asingatadzi]? (Zvakazarurwa 6: 14-17)
Sezvatinotarisa pamigumisiro chaiyo yekuputika kwe gamma-ray, tinofanira kuchengeta mashoko iwayo mupfungwa uye kufungisisa kuti matenga (mhepo yedu) ari kubuda somupumburu zvingarevei chaizvoizvo. Imwe nguva pashure pokunge nyeredzi dzadonha kubva kudenga sebhora remoto, kuputika kwe<em>hyper-nova kweBetelgeuse kuchapisa zvishoma mhepo yepasi redu nokuputika kwe<em>gamma-ray yayo. Vazhinji vachaziva kuti havana kugadzirira, uye kuti havazokwanisi kumira vakatarisana pamberi paIshe.
Kusataura? Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzinoratidza kuti mukana wekuti izvi zviitike munguva yehupenyu hwepasi redu i1:100. Iyoyo ibviro huru zvikuru kupfuura inodokuva isingambofungidziki yokuti kutsinhirana kwose uko Mwari akatiratidza mumakore matatu nehafu apfuura kunovawo zvaro masaona.
Saka Mwari vane mheni dzine simba guru zvekuti dzinouraya vanhu vese, kugumisa hupenyu hwese paNyika kubva kure nechiedza chemakore 1,000. Kana zvakadaro, mugumo waisazouya nokukurumidza sokunge kuti daro rakanga riri kure namakore 100 echiedza, uko Planet Earth yaizochinjwa nokukurumidza kuva gwenga rine madota. Chinhambwe cheBetelgeuse chakarurama mukati meiyi nharaunda inouraya ye100 kusvika ku1000 light years away, zvichireva kuti mukati menhambo yenguva (zvichida rinenge gore rimwe?) ngwavaira inotyisa ingagona kuparira rufu (runenge) rwezvinhu zvose zvipenyu zviri panyika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimudza vhudzi kuseri kwemutsipa wako!
Isu tawana iyo chaiyo mamiriro ayo anopa tsananguro chaiyo yezvose zviri zviviri matambudziko uye izvo-zvichiri kuzadziswa zvikamu zvechisimbiso chakadzokororwa chechitanhatu chinouya mushure mebhora remoto rinodonha-nyeredzi:
Masimba ekumatenga achazungunuswa (Mateo 24:29)
Denga rikabva serugwaro rwakapetwa, kana rwuchipeterwa pamwe; negomo roga roga nechiwi zvakabviswa panzvimbo dzazvo. ( Zvakazarurwa 6:14 )
Rangarira, Ellen G. White akati kana Ishe vachiti denga, Vanoreva denga. Masimba ekumatenga inyeredzi. Betelgeuse ichapisa zvishoma mhepo yakapoteredza pasi, uye ichapenyurwa somupumburu wamanyoro. Izvi zvichakonzera tsunami dzinotyisa uye kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kuchinja kukuru panyika. Vanhu vanobva vaziva kuti Mwari pachavo vanoita, uye vanodzosera Kusikwa nemadambudziko.
Uye madzimambo enyika, nevakuru, nevafumi, nevatungamiriri vehondo, neane simba, nenhapwa dzose, nevakasununguka vose vakandovanda mumapako nemumabwe emakomo; vakati kumakomo nekumabwe: Wirai pamusoro pedu, mutivanze pachiso chaiye ugere pachigaro cheushe, nepahasha dzeGwayana; Nekuti zuva guru rekutsamwa kwaro rasvika; zvino ndiani uchagona kumira? (Zvakazarurwa 6: 15-17)
Iye zvino tasvika pamigumisiro yemuviri pavanhu, uye zvinhu zvose zvinopindirana zvakakwana pamwe chete nemigumisiro ye-gamma-ray kuputika!
Maronda akaipa uye anorwadza achauya pavanhu vakagamuchira mutemo weSvondo (Zvakazarurwa 16:2).
Nemhaka yokuparara kweozone layer, mwaranzi ine ngozi yomuchadenga, inouraya pasinei neBetelgeuse, yaizouya isina kudzivirirwa pavanhu vasingafariri dziviriro chaiyo yaMwari. Vaizotambudzwa negomarara reganda nemamwe maronda akafanana. Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti izvi zvinogona zvakare kukonzera kukuvara kweDNA uye kunotyisa kurwara kwemwaranzi. Nokudaro, rufu runononoka uye runorwadza rwakamirira avo vasingagamuchiri nyevero dzaMwari uye vasina “rombo rakanaka” rokusangana norufu rwakamwe kamwe mukati mokuputika kwe<em>gamma-ray pachayo. Vapenyu vachachiva vakafa.
Gungwa rinoita seropa uye zvipenyu zvose zviri mariri zvinofa ( Zvakazarurwa 16:3 ).
Izvi zvakataurwa muvhidhiyo pachayo. Nzara yepasi rose yehuwandu ichaperekedzwa nekunhuhwirira kunotyisa kunobva kumabhiriyoni ezvipenyu zvegungwa rakafa (nenyika).
Nzizi nezvitubu zvemvura zvinova ropa (Zvakazarurwa 16:4).
Verenga izvo Mwari pachake anotaura pamusoro peizvi:
Zvino ndakanzwa mutumwa wemvura achiti: Makarurama imwi Ishe, uripo newakange aripo neuchazovapo nekuti makatonga saizvozvo. Nekuti vakateura ropa revatsvene nevaporofita, uye makavapa ropa kuti vamwe; nokuti vakafanira. Zvino ndakanzwa umwe muaritari achiti: Hongu, Ishe Mwari Wemasimbaose, kutonga kwenyu ndekwechokwadi kwakarurama. ( Zvakazarurwa 16:5-7 )
Zuva richapisa vanhu nokupisa kukuru ( Zvakazarurwa 16:8 ).
Mwaranzi inokuvadza yeultraviolet kubva kuzuva, pamwe chete nemwaranzi yepasi rose inosanganisira X-rays, yaisazosefetwa neyakakuvadzwa denga remuchadenga. Kupisa kukuru kubva kune greenhouse effect, zvisinei, kwaizokurumidza kuteverwa nechando chinotyisa che "GRB", icho chaizouraya hupenyu hwechirimwa hwasara.
Zvino vanhu vakapiswa nekupisa kukuru, vakanyomba zita raMwari une simba pamusoro pematambudziko awa; vakasatendevuka kuti vamupe rukudzo. ( Zvakazarurwa 16:9 )
(Annotation kubva Nyamavhuvhu 2016: Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kuzadzikiswa kwechisimbiso chechitanhatu, ndapota ona addendum kuNhoroondo Inodzokorora II. Kuzadzika kwechisimbiso chechitanhatu chakadzokororwa kunotsanangurwa mu addendum kuZviratidzo Zvekuguma uye masiraidhi 101-114 e Orion Presentation.)
Handizvo zvoga. Rondedzero dzemadambudziko matatu okupedzisira dzinewo zvinhu zvinogona kunzi zvakakonzerwa neBetelgeuse, kuputika kwegamma-ray kana kuti mwaranzi wemuchadenga: Yufratesi wakaoma unomirira nyika yemadota iyo ichabva yatambanudzira nyika yaimbova Edheni. Ngirozi yechinomwe inodurura ndiro yayo mumhepo, izvo zvimwe zvichaita kuti zviome zvikuru kufema panguva iyoyo.
Unogona kuwana tsananguro yakazara yeizvi zvinhu zvinotyisa munyaya yakaisvonaka yakanyorwa nomumwe muKristu akanga atotanga kufunga nezveBetelgeuse makore mashomanene apfuura, apo zvinhu zvakadaro zvakanga zvichiri kurangarirwa sokuwedzeredzwa. Usapotsa kuverenga zvinyorwa zviviri izvi: Inogona here Betelgeuse Kuenda BOOM? Uye kuyedza kwekutanga kuwiriranisa mhedzisiro yeBetelgeuse supernova nebhaibheri Apocalypse: Betelgeuse - Calamitas Apocaliptica. Munyori, Karl Schwarz, akanyora kuti rinenge-chiporofita basa muna 2009. Mwari ngaarambe achimutungamirira!
Nokudaro, tave tichiziva kwemakore kuti hombe huru munharaunda yedu yepedyo ichaguma sebhomba guru, asi tinozvidzikamisa neizvo masayendisiti anotaura, kuti “Zvinogona kuitika manheru ano kana kuti mumakore 100,000 XNUMX.” Tinonangidzira ngwariro pachikamu chokupedzisira ndokufunga, kuti: “Haizondirova—uye shure kwangu, mafashamo!” Tinganyatsodzikama here?
Betelgeuse uye Ona pasi Muzzle
Pakunouya kumubviro wokuti Betelgeuse ichabudisa gamma-ray kuputika, tinoona kuti kutaura kwakamwe kunobva kumasayendisiti kunokopwa kakawanda sezvinotsanangurwa zvisizvo zvinorwisana nokuronga nguva zvaEllen G. White: “Sezvo akisi yayo inotenderera isina kunangidzirwa kupasi, supernova yeBetelgeuse ingangoita kuti itumire kukuvadzwa kwakakwana kwe<em>gamma-mwaranzi yeNyika.” Paunenge uchitsvaga "Betelgeuse axis of rotation isina kunanga kuPasi", unokwanisa kuona kubva pahuwandu hwema hits kuti chirevo chakakopwa uye kukopwa patsva nemisiyano midiki mazana ezviuru zvenguva.
Tinoverenga kuti axis yekutenderera yeBetelgeuse yakarerekera kunenge 20 ° kubva kumutsara wekuona kuPasi, ichidzosera runyararo kumoyo unonyengera, unoti "O, John Scotram haana chaanoziva uye anongori a alarmist uye kutya monger!" Chenjerera! Tarisa uone izvo pseudo-sainzi vezvenhau kana vachiri mukoti vesainzi mune ino hunyanzvi ndima vari kukupa iwe.
Zviri pachena kuti hapana akatsigira apo masayendisiti, anobvuma kuti anoziva zvishomanene zvikuru pamusoro peBetelgeuse, anoerekana awana mashoko awo “anokosha zvikuru” pamusoro pokuti akiso yayo iri kunongedzera rutivi rwupi. Kuona kutariswa kweaxis yekutenderera kwenyeredzi seBetelgeuse ibhizinesi rakanaka, chekutanga nekuti imakore mazana matanhatu nemakumi mana echiedza kubva kuPasi, uye chechipiri nekuti ine hombe gasi hamvuropu inoita kuti zviome kupinda nezviridzwa zvedu zvazvino.
Ndakaedza kuferefeta ndikaona mu Wikipedia chinyorwa paBetelgeuse chii vazivi venyeredzi Tenda kuziva:
Muna 1995, Kamera yeHubble Space Telescope's Faint Object Camera yakabata mufananidzo weultraviolet une resolution yepamusoro pane yakawanikwa nemainterferometers akavakirwa pasi—mufananidzo wekutanga weteresikopu (kana kuti “mufananidzo wakananga” mushoko reNASA) wedhisiki reimwe nyeredzi.[29] Nemhaka yokuti chiedza cheultraviolet chinotorwa nemhepo yakapoteredza pasi, kucherekedza pamasaisai aya kunoitwa zvakanakisisa nemateresikopu emuchadenga.[42] Semifananidzo yekare, mufananidzo uyu une chigamba chakajeka chairatidza nzvimbo iri maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwequadrant 2,000 K inopisa kupfuura nzvimbo yenyeredzi.[43] Yakazotevera ultraviolet spectra yakatorwa neGoddard High Resolution Spectrograph Yakataurwa kuti nzvimbo yaipisa yaiva imwe yemapango eBetelgeuse ekutenderera. Izvi wakaramba Ipa akiso inotenderera kurerekera kunosvika 20° kugwaro reNyika, uye nzvimbo yekona kubva kuChamhembe yekudenga inosvika 55°.[44]
Vanonyatso kuzviratidza mu subjunctive mood. Wikipedia inotsanangura chimiro chekuzviisa pasi seizvi: "Matanho echiito anowanzo shandiswa kuratidza mamiriro akasiyana ezvisiri izvo sekuda, manzwiro, mukana, mutongo, maonero, madikanwa, kana chiito chisati chaitika.” Naizvozvo, ichi hachisi chinhu chinopfuura fungidziro kana fungidziro yakachena.
Izvi zvinotungamirira zvimwe "masayendisiti" kuridza nyanga inonyaradza zvakatosimba.
Sezvineiwo, izvi zvakatoitirwa isu (ona, semuenzaniso Uitenbroek et al. 1998). Zviyero izvi zvakaoma kuita sezvo nyeredzi ingori mashoma mapixels akafara, asi izvo inooneka sekunge akisi yekutenderera yakarerekera kumutsara-wekuona neanenge 20 madhigirii (ona mufananidzo kurudyi). Izvi zvinoreva kuti izvi zvaizoda danda rine kanenge madhigirii makumi maviri kuti rirove pasi. Izvi zvinoratidzika kunge zviri kunze kwemaitiro akajairwa anoonekwa. Saka kunyangwe Betelgeuse yaizoputika nekuputika kwegamma-ray, danda racho raipotsa Pasi uye rorova imwe nyika isina munhu ane hanya nayo.
Munyori zvino anokwevera "dzakachengeteka" mhedziso kubva pane "zviri pachena" zvakaonekwa:
Zvakanaka, saka tsika yenyaya ndeyekuti Betelgeuse zvisingakuvadzi zvachose kuvanhu vari panyika. Painoputika, inenge iri supernova inobwinya iyo ingangove ichionekwa zvishoma mukati mezuva. Chichava chinhu chinotonhorera icho chero munhu mupenyu (kana paine vanhu ...) achazomboona. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kuputika uku kunogona kuitika chero nguva mukati memamiriyoni emakore anotevera. [munyori ari kuwedzeredza zvakanyanyisa; vamwe vese vari kuti makore 1,000 kusvika ku100,000] Tichifunga nezvekugoverwa kwakafanana panguva ino uye hupenyu hwemunhu hwehurongwa makore zana, pane chimwe chinhu chakaita se100 mu1 mukana wekuti uchaona izvi muhupenyu hwako.
Inzwa wakasununguka kutarisira kuona kunoshamisa kwemuchadenga, asi usarasikirwa nehope uchinetseka nekukuvadzwa neBetelgeuse!
Ini handizive kuti munyori weblog "Corky" anorara sei nhasi mushure mesainzi kuburitswa kwenhau kwe26 Kubvumbi 2013, iyo inoratidza zvakapesana chaizvo nemufananidzo usina kujeka weBetelgeuse (mapikisi mashoma akafara) wakaitwa muna 1998. Enzanisa iwe pachako kuti pane hotspots dziripi iye zvino:
Chakavanzika nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinoonekwa mune inotonhorera tsvuku supergiant
Vazivi venyeredzi vakaburitsa mufananidzo mutsva wekunze kweBetelgeuse - imwe yemhando dzvuku dziri pedyo paPasi - ichiburitsa chimiro chakadzama chenyaya iri kukandwa kubva munyeredzi.
Mufananidzo mutsva, wakatorwa ne e-MERLIN radio telescope array inoshanda kubva kuJodrell Bank Observatory muCheshire, inoratidzawo matunhu zvinoshamisa gasi rinopisa mumhepo yekunze yenyeredzi uye inotonhorera arc yegasi inorema kunge nyika…
Mufananidzo mutsva we e-MERLIN weBetelgeuse…unoratidza nzvimbo mbiri dzinopisa mukati memhepo yekunze uye kupera simba kwegasi rinotonhorera kunyange kure kure neredhiyo yenyeredzi…
Munyori anotungamira Dr Anita Richards, anobva kuYunivhesiti yeManchester, akati ndizvo zvisati zvanyatsojeka sei nzvimbo dzinopisa dzichipisa. Akati: “Mumwe mukana ndiko kuti masaisai anovhundutsa, anokonzerwa nenyeredzi kupuruzira kana nekufambisa muzvikamu zvayo zvekunze, ari kutsimbirira nekudziisa gasi. Chimwezve ndechekuti mhepo yekunze ine zvigamba uye tiri kuona kusvika kunzvimbo dzinopisa mukati. Iyo arc yegasi inotonhorera inofungidzirwa kuve mhedzisiro yenguva yekuwedzera kurasikirwa kukuru kubva kune nyeredzi pane imwe nguva muzana ramakore rapfuura asi hukama hwayo kune zvimiro zvakaita senzvimbo dzinopisa, dziri pedyo zvakanyanya mukati, mukati mekunze kwenyeredzi, hazvizivikanwe."
Muchina uyo nyeredzi hurusa dzakaita seBetelgeuse dzinorasa zvinhu mudenga haina kunzwisiswa zvakanaka pasinei nebasa rayo rinokosha mukutenderera kwezvinhu, richipfumisa zvinhu zviri pakati penyeredzi umo zvichabva nyeredzi nemapuraneti. Dzidzo dzakadzama dzepamusoro-soro dzematunhu akatenderedza nyeredzi huru sedzinoratidzwa pano dzakakosha kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwedu…
Kucherechedzwa kweramangwana kwakarongwa ne-e-MERLIN uye mamwe marongero, anosanganisira ALMA neVLA, achayedza kana mahotspots achisiyana mukonzati nekuda kwekupuruzira, kana kuratidza kusiyanisa kwakaoma nekuda kwekutenderera. Kana zvichikwanisika kuyera kumhanya kwekutenderera izvi zvinoratidza kuti dzinobva muchikamu chipi chenyeredzi.
Vadikanwi shamwari nehama, kana ichokwadi kuti tinoona kuburikidza negasi remhepo yekunze kweBetelgeuse munzvimbo dzakadzika dzenyeredzi uye kuona nzvimbo dzinopisa, saka tiri kutarisa zvakananga munharaunda yenyeredzi umo magasi anonyangarika ... uku ndiko kutanga kwekuputika kwe supernova. Kutanga kwayo kunogona kutora mwedzi yakawanda kana makore; kupera kwayo kwaigona kutora masekonzi mashoma...
Uri kuona here pane hotspots? Mune imwe yemifananidzo yakapihwa muchinyorwa ichi, masayendisiti akafambisa basa rangu nekufukidza nzira dzakadzika dzezvikamu zveBetelgeuse, saka tinogona kuona pane pakati peiyo red supergiant:
Pakati peBetelgeuse hombe iri pakati chaipo penzvimbo mbiri dzinopisa. Unonzwisisa here zvazvinoreva kana tichikwanisa kuona kuburikidza nemhepo yegasi kusvika kune pasi pezvikamu zvenyeredzi? Wakanyatsotarisisa here kuputika kwesupernova muvhidhiyo? Kana zvisiri, zvitarise zvakare!
Tinotarisa zvakananga pasi pemuromo wechombo chaMwari chine simba guru, kana-zvandinoda zvirinani-zvakananga muvanga rerudyi rwaJesu, kubva panoputika danda rine simba...
Kupenya kuripo kwakafanana nechiedza; akanga ane nyanga [Chakasimba's: mwaranzi (rechiedza)] achibuda muruoko rwake. ndipo pakanga pakavanzwa simba rake. (Habhakuki 3:4)
Ndima yacho haingotauri chete kuti simba rinoparadza richabuda paronda riri muruoko rwaJesu riri muchimiro chedanda rokuparadza vavengi vaMwari (ona vhesi rinotevera), asi rinopawo mashoko chaiwoiwo. tsananguro yesainzi ye gamma rays:
Gamma mwaranzi, inozivikanwawo segamma rays, uye inoratidzwa nerechigiriki tsamba γ, inoreva magetsi emagetsi emagetsi epamusoro uye nekudaro. simba guru pa photon.
Muchokwadi, mazinga esimba rephoton mumwaranzi yegamma anotambanuka zvisingafungidzirwe, uye mafotoni ndiwo zvidimbu zvinoumba. KUTI.
Uye yake kupenya aiva sechiedza...
Iye zvino une sarudzo yekuita. Iwe unogona kutenda izvo masayendisiti anotaura uye udzikamise iwe pachako kurara nepiritsi rebhuruu, kana kumedza piritsi rechipiri dzvuku uye kuteerera izvo Mwari anotaura kune izvi zvose muchikamu chechitatu. Iye achava Uyo achataura munyaya inotevera, uye tinofanira kuteerera zvaanotaura kupfurikidza neBhaibheri navaporofita vazvino uno. Pakupedzisira zvichatipa chokwadi chinotyisa kwete bedzi kuti kufamba kwokupedzisira kwokukurumidza kwakatotanga, asiwo kuti kuuya kwaJesu Kristu kuchaperekedzwa nechinoitika chinopenya zvikurusa muchisiko chapose pose: gamma-ray inoputika kubva muruoko rwake amene rworudyi. Ipapo pachasara mubvunzo mumwe chete kuti upindurwe:
Nekuti zuva guru rekutsamwa kwaro rasvika; uye ndiani ungagona kumira? (Zvakazarurwa 6: 17)
